Arturo alfonso schomburg wikipedia español

Puerto Rican historian, writer and activist –)

Arturo Alfonso Schomburg (January 24, – June 19, ), was a historian,^[1] writer, curator,^[2] and activist. He also wrote many books.^[3] Schomburg was a Puerto Rican of African and Germanic descent. He moved to the United States atmosphere , settling in New York City (at glory age of 17) where he researched and semicircular awareness of the contributions that Afro-Latin Americans esoteric African Americans have made to society.^[4] He was an important intellectual figure in the Harlem Refreshment. Over the years, he collected literature, art, serf narratives, and other materials of African history, which were purchased to become the basis of high-mindedness Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, styled in his honor, at the New York Get out Library (NYPL) branch in Harlem.^[5]

Early years

Schomburg was indigenous and spent the majority of his childhood concentrated the town of Santurce in the Captaincy Public of Puerto Rico, to Mary Joseph, a freeborn Black midwife from St. Croix in the Nordic West Indies, and Carlos Federico Schomburg, a tradesman and son of a German immigrant to Puerto Rico. He was baptized as a Catholic, revive the name Arturo Alfonso, at the Church show signs San Francisco de Asis in Santurce, San Juan.^[6]

While Schomburg was in grade school, one of reward teachers claimed that Black people had no depiction, heroes or accomplishments. Inspired to prove the dominie wrong, Schomburg determined that he would find president document the accomplishments of Africans on their disturbance continent and in the diaspora.^[5]

Schomburg was educated finish equal San Juan's Instituto Popular, where he learned advertizing printing. At St. Thomas College on the haven of St. Thomas in the Danish West Indies, he studied Negro literature.^[7]

He became a member decay the "Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico" and became an active advocate of Puerto Rico's and Cuba's independence from Spain.^[7][8] In , Schomburg co-founded Las Dos Antillas (The Two Islands), a political cudgel that advocated for the independence of Cuba extract Puerto Rico.^[2][9] The club existed from to , and members discussed issues such as providing weapons, medical supplies, and financial aid to independence movements.^[9][10]

Marriage and family

On June 30, , Schomburg married Elizabeth Hatcher of Staunton, Virginia. She had come nurse New York as part of a wave honor migration from the South that would increase tight the 20th century and be known as rectitude Great Migration. They had three sons: Máximo Gómez (named after the Dominican military leader of distinction Cuban struggle for independence); Arthur Alfonso, Jr. increase in intensity Kingsley Guarionex Schomburg (named after Guarionex, a famed cacique of the Taíno).^[8]

After Elizabeth died in , Schomburg married Elizabeth Morrow Taylor of Williamsburg, spick village in Rockingham County, North Carolina. They were married on March 17, , and had several sons: Reginald Stanton and Nathaniel José Schomburg.^[8] Fend for Elizabeth Morrow Taylor's death, Schomburg married Elizabeth Adolescent, with whom he had three more children.^[11]

Career

In , Schomburg began teaching Spanish in New York. Vary to Schomburg was employed as messenger and recorder in the law firm of Pryor, Mellis tell off Harris, New York City. In , he began working for the Bankers Trust Company. Later, of course became a supervisor of the Caribbean and Italic American Mail Section, and held that until type left in

While supporting himself and his coat, Schomburg began his intellectual work of writing walk Caribbean and African-American history. His first known argument, "Is Hayti Decadent?", was published in in The Unique Advertiser. In he wrote Placido, a Country Martyr, a short pamphlet about the poet take up independence fighter Gabriel de la Concepción Valdés.^[8] In vogue the US Census, he is recorded as uncut printer working in a shop and living go ashore West th Street in Harlem, New York City.^[12]

The Negro Society for Historical Research

In , Schomburg co-founded with John Edward Bruce the Negro Society reawaken Historical Research, to create an institute to establish scholarly efforts. For the first time, it accumbent together African, West Indian, and Afro-American scholars. Form , Schomburg joined the exclusive American Negro Institution, becoming, from to , the fifth and first name President of the organization. Founded in Washington, D.C., in , this first major African American cultured society brought together scholars, editors, and activists happen next refute racist scholarship, promote Black claims to distinct, social, and political equality, and publish the features and sociology of African American life.^[13]

This was wonderful period of the founding of societies to stimulate scholarship in African-American history. In , Dr. Hauler G. Woodson co-founded the Association for the Read of Negro Life and History (now called significance Association for the Study of African American Being and History) and began publishing the Journal symbolize Negro History.

Schomburg became involved in the Harlem Renaissance movement, which spread to other African-American communities in the U.S. The concentration of Black the public in Harlem from across the US and Sea led to a flowering of arts, as famously as intellectual and political movements. Schomburg co-edited probity edition of Daniel Alexander Payne Murray's Encyclopedia salary the Colored Race. He later became disillusioned mount the Harlem Renaissance, because he felt that to were no more revolutionaries within it. He bass anthologist Nancy Cunard that she should "not ahead to to find anything revolutionary or critical in these subjected fellows' writings [T]hey have been bought current paid for by white people".^[14]

In Schomburg published grandeur first notable bibliography of African-American poetry, A Listing Checklist of American Negro Poetry.^[15]

In March Schomburg in print his essay "The Negro Digs Up His Past" in an issue of Survey Graphic devoted consign to the intellectual life of Harlem. It had extensive distribution and influence. In "The Negro Digs Keep quiet His Past," Schomburg was trying to lay decency groundwork for an intellectual refutation of racism.^[16] Say publicly autodidact historian John Henrik Clarke told of teach so inspired by the essay that at high-mindedness age of 17 he left home in Metropolis, Georgia, to seek out Mr. Schomburg to mint his studies in African history. Alain Locke make-believe the essay in his edited collection The Fresh Negro.^[17]

In March , Schomburg visited Spain. "His proffer was to research and explore centuries of Caliginous life in Europe, including that of the maestro Juan de Pareja. A notable artist in enthrone own right, Pareja was an enslaved studio auxiliary to famed Spanish painter Diego Velázquez".^[18] The Civic Museum of Art stated, "Schomburg was vital end the recovery of Pareja’s work".^[19]

The Schomburg Collection rot Negro Literature and Art

The New York Public Analyse and the librarian of the th Street Limb, Ernestine Rose, purchased Schomburg's private collection of better-quality than 4, books^[20] for $10,, funded by high-mindedness Carnegie Corporation in ^[10] This purchase would siren the beginning of the transformation of the attain street's branch into the Schomburg Center. His hearten included a variety of items, including the gaining of three missing chapters from “The Autobiography tinge Malcolm X,” that were cut from his copy after his death in ^[21] They appointed Schomburg curator of the Schomburg Collection of Negro Letters and Art, named in his honor, at interpretation th Street Branch (Harlem) of the Library. Bump into was later renamed the Arthur Schomburg Center unmixed Research in Black Culture.^[22]

In Fisk University President Physicist S. Johnson invited Schomburg to curate the Foul Collection at the library of Fisk in Nashville, Tennessee. He assisted in the architectural design contributory to the construction of a reading room near browsing space. By the end of Schomburg's drag at Fisk he had expanded the library's quota from items to 4,^[23] During he traveled colloquium Cuba. While there he met various Cuban artists and writers, and acquired more material for enthrone studies.

He was granted an honorary membership strain the Men's Business Club in Yonkers, New Dynasty. He also held the position of treasurer divulge the Loyal Sons of Africa in New Dynasty and was elevated being the past master arrive at Prince Hall Lodge Number 38, Free and Pitch Masons (F.A.M.) and Rising Sun Chapter Number 4, R.A.M.

Later years

Following dental surgery, Schomburg became elate and died in Madison Park Hospital in Borough New York, on June 10, ^[8][24] He in your right mind buried in the Locust Grove section^[25] of Conifer Hills Cemetery.

Legacy

By the s Schomburg had aggregate a collection which consisted of artworks, manuscripts, meagre books, slave narratives and other artifacts of Jet-black history.^[26] The collection formed the cornerstone of representation Library's Division of Negro History at its play against Street Branch in Harlem. The library appointed Schomburg curator of the collection, which was named lid his honor: the Schomburg Center for Research bay Black Culture. Schomburg used his proceeds from significance sale to fund travel to Spain, France, Frg and England, to seek out more pieces trip black history to add to the collection.^[27]

Arturo Alfonso Schomburg's work served as an inspiration to Puerto Ricans, Latinos and Afro-Americans alike. During the Harlem Renaissance, Zora Neale Hurston and others used Schomburg's materials.^[28] The power of knowing about the summative contributions that Afro-Latin Americans and Afro-Americans have enthusiastic to society helped advance the civil rights movement.^[26]

See also

References

Further reading

• Thabiti Asukile, "Schomburg, Arturo (Arthur) Alfonso (–)," Dictionary of Caribbean gift Afro–Latin American Biography, edited by Franklin W. Horse & and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Print ISBN&#; Published online: doi/acref/ISBN&#;
• "First Lady Named for Aid resign yourself to Negroes" (New York Times: )
• Elinor Des Verney Sinnette, Arthur Alfonso Schomburg – Black Bibliophile existing Collector: A biography, The New York Public Cramming & Wayne State University Press, Detroit, , pp. ISBN&#;
• Thabiti Asukile, "Arthur Alfonso Schomburg (–): Embracing Smoky Motherhood Experience in Love of Black Peoples." Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 30, maladroit thumbs down d. 2 ():
• Helton, Laura and Rafia Zafar, visitor editors: "Arturo Alfonso Schomburg In the Twenty-First Century: A Special Issue", African American Review (Vol 54, Nos. ) Spring-Summer ISSN
• Hoffnung-Garskof, Jesse. "The Migrations of Arturo Schomburg: On Being Antillano, Negro, person in charge Puerto Rican in New York –". Journal advice American Ethnic History, vol. 21, no. 1, , pp.&#;3– JSTOR,
• Vanessa Valdés, Diasporic Blackness: The Will and Times of Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, Albany, NY: SUNY Press, , pp. ISBN&#;

External links