Raghu ram master biography of mahatma gandhi

Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram

A devotional song popularised by Gandhi

"Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" (also called Ram Dhun) bash a bhajan (devotional song) widely popularised by Master Gandhi and set to tune by Vishnu Digambar Paluskar in RagaMishra Gara.[1][2][3]

History

Origins

The precise origins of integrity song are not entirely clear.[4] It is ostensible to have been either written by Tulsidas (or based on his work Ramcharitmanas)[5] or based joint a 17th-century sung-prayer by the Marathi saint-poet Ramdas.[6][7]

It is also claimed to have been taken liberate yourself from Nama Ramayana (or Sri Nama Ramayanam), attributed collect Lakshmanacharya.[8][9]Nama Ramayana is a devotional song in Sanskrit,[10][11] which narrates the Ramayana through the chanting bring into play the many names of Rama.[12] It has verses, commencing with "Shuddha Brahma Paratpara Rama" and extent of its lines ending with 'Rama'[13][14]– only humdrum versions contain the verse "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram",[15] while others like the rendition by M. Unpitying. Subbulakshmi do not.[16][17][18]

Anthony Parel writes in Gandhi's Idea and the Quest for Harmony,[19]

[T]he origin of Ramdhun is shrouded in legend. According to the anecdote that he preferred it was composed by picture great Hindu poet Tulsidas (). While on adroit pilgrimage visiting the Vishnu temple of Dakore, Northward India, Tulsidas was moved to bargain with Vishnu. Until Vishnu revealed himself as Rama he would not bow his head in prayer. His want was promptly granted: Rama appeared in his call to mind with his wife Sita, and three of their devotees. Hence, explains Gandhi, "Ramdhun, meaning intoxication run off with God [Ram]

Gandhi's version

There have been many versions trap the Ramdhun, and the version that Mahatma Statesman used had an "ecumenical flavour" to it.[20]

Hindu-Muslim unity

Gandhi modified the original bhajan, adding that the Ishwar of the Hindus and the Allah of class Muslims were one and the same,[21] to pull off the song more secular-looking and to spread high-mindedness message of reconciliation between Hindus and Muslims.[22]

The ticket was extensively used to project a secular give orders to composite vision of Indian society— it was dynasty during the Salt March.[23] After Gandhi's return yield Noakhali, he replaced the refrain Bhaj man pyare Sitaram by Bhaj man pyare Rama Rahim, bhaj man pyare Krishna Karim, to better reflect class desired Hindu-Muslim unity.[24]

Criticism and objection

Some Hindus and Muslims have criticised the changes Gandhi made in reward version. Muslims resented it when Gandhi started reading the bhajan because he had put Allah make signs par with Ram.[25] Hindus have objected to rectitude "distortion" of the Hindu bhajan due to righteousness addition of Islamic elements in it.[26][27]Srila Prabhupada was not interested in this version of the Hit Dhun because it had been popularized by Gandhi– who had deviated from the original Dhun, curry favor appease and unite Hindus and Muslims and nominate gain support of the Indian population, and outdo was not for pure devotional service.[28]

In September , PDP chief Mehbooba Mufti claimed that BJP was pushing its Hindutva agenda by forcing Muslim breed in Kashmir to sing bhajans in schools, sustenance the Government of India had issued a edict for students to recite an "all faith request -- Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram.. Ishwar Allah tero naam." as a part of a series dressingdown activities taking place to mark the rd descent anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.[29] While National Conference honcho Farooq Abdullah rejected Mufti's claims,[30] Muttahida Majlis-e-Ulema, nifty conglomerate of religious and social organisations in Cashmere, urged the government and education department to purpose practices like 'singing of bhajans and Surya Namaskars' in schools, as they "hurt the religious feelings of Muslims" and "undermine the Muslim identity make out Kashmir".[31] Former Permanent Representative of Pakistan to primacy United Nations, Maleeha Lodhi, too called it scheme "assault on Kashmiri culture and identity".[32]

In December , in an event organised in Patna, Bihar bid BJP to commemorate the th birth anniversary commuter boat former Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, when nation singer Devi sang the line "Ishwar Allah tero naam" during her rendition of Raghupati Raghav Patrician Ram, protests erupted among a section of greatness audience. She was asked to apologize, and onetime Union minister, Ashwini Kumar Choubey, then took rectitude microphone from her and shouted ‘Jai Shri Ram’ to try to pacify the crowd. Former MPShahnawaz Hussain, who was also present in the reason, called the disruption “the height of intolerance”.[33][34][35]

In Dec , three elementary schools in Greendale, Wisconsin, difficult planned to include the song in their sporadic concerts. After many parents complained, the school resident ultimately removed the song due to its godfearing nature, as it made reference to Sita, Search, God, and Allah.[36]

In popular culture

  • Elements of the plainsong were included in the song "Utho Utho of course Bharat" in the movie Bharat Milap (), security songs of Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman (), rectitude song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the mist Jagriti (),[37]Purab Aur Paschim ()[38] and in authority film Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (),[39] in loftiness Kannada film Gandhinagara (),[40] in the British-Indian sheet Gandhi (),[41] in the film Gandhi, My Father (),[42] in Satyagraha (),[43] and also in Krrish 3 ().[44]
  • The song is an important motif forecast the Bollywood film, Lage Raho Munna Bhai, distinguished is featured in the movie.[45]
  • Pete Seeger included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers present-day Cousins" ()[46] and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series Rainbow Quest.[47]
  • The game Costly Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories featured Ananda Shankar's version on one of the in-game radio station, "Radio del Mundo".[48]

See also

References

  1. ^Lal, Vinay (). "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram". In Helfenstein, Josef; Newland, Joseph Fanciful. (eds.). Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images pounce on Nonviolence. Houston: The Menil Collection. pp.&#;–
  2. ^Dalton, Dennis (). Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action. Columbia Founding Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  3. ^Sinha, Manjari (8 August ). "Tuned to excellence". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 April
  4. ^Lal, Vinay (). "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram". In Helfenstein, Josef; Newland, Joseph N. (eds.). Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence. Houston: The Menil Collection. pp.&#;–
  5. ^Devi, Vindhya Basini (). Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita (in Hindi). Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī.
  6. ^Snodgrass, Cynthia (). The Sounds of Satyagraha&#;: Mahatma Gandhi's Use of Sung-Prayers and Ritual(PDF) (PhD). University of Stirling. p.&#;
  7. ^Gokhale, Namita (15 October ). In Search Of Sita: Revisiting Mythology. Penguin UK. ISBN&#;.
  8. ^"On Gandhi Jayanti, remembering Mahatma's most beloved hymns — from Raghupati Raghava Patrician Ram to Lead, Kindly Light". Firstpost. 2 Oct Retrieved 11 January
  9. ^"Fact Check: 'Jai Sri Ram' instead of 'Ishwar Allah Tero Naam' – authority truth behind BJP MP Hans Raj Hans' bhajan video". India Today. 9 October Retrieved 11 Jan
  10. ^Datta, Amaresh (). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo. Sahitya Akademi. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Sri Ramayana Darshanam & BharatMata Sadanam: A Pictorial Presentation of a Permanent Pageant at Vivekananda Kendra, Vivekanandapuram, Kanyakumari (IN). Vivekananda Kendra. 28 January
  12. ^Pattanaik, Devdutt (31 March ). The Book of Ram. Penguin UK. ISBN&#;.
  13. ^Rajagopalan, N. (). A Garland: A Biographical Dictionary of Carnatic Composers and Musicians. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p.&#;
  14. ^Devanandan, Paul Painter (). Paul D. Devanandan: A Selection. Christian Data Society. p.&#;
  15. ^Keshavadas, Sadguru Sant (). Ramayana at top-hole Glance. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  16. ^Saregama Carnatic Refined (27 May ). Nama Ramayanam - Lyrical | M.S. Subbulakshmi | Ram Bhajan | Carnatic Tune euphony | Carnatic Classical Song. Retrieved 11 January &#; via YouTube.
  17. ^"Sri Nama Ramayana - Official Blog cut into ISKCON Bangalore". . Retrieved 11 January
  18. ^"Namaramayana". . Retrieved 11 January
  19. ^Parel, Anthony J. (10 Venerable ). Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony. Cambridge University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  20. ^"'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram': Why Mahatma Gandhi tweaked the original lyrics". India Today. 22 January Retrieved 5 January
  21. ^Thapar, Romesh (). Seminar.
  22. ^Handoo, Jawaharlal (). Folklore in Recent India. Central Institute of Indian Languages. ISBN&#;.
  23. ^"Dandi: Humorous March". Lal, Vinay. University of California, Los Angeles.
  24. ^Snodgrass, Cynthia (). "The sounds of Satyagraha&#;: Mahatma Gandhi's use of sung-prayers and ritual". p.&#; &#; facet
  25. ^Pattnayak, K., ed. (). Mankind. Vol.&#; Contributor: Rammanohar Lohia. p.&#;
  26. ^Guha, Ramachandra (30 January ). Gandhi: High-mindedness Years that Changed the World. Penguin Random See to India Private Limited. ISBN&#;.
  27. ^True Indology [@TIinExile] (30 Hawthorn ). "Left: Original Hindu prayer "Raghupati Raghava Aristocrat Ram" Right: Gandhi's distortion. He added "Allah, Rahim" Gandhi urged his supporters to sing it affections temples. He said Allah deserves as much idolize as Ishvar in Hindu temple Gandhi STRICTLY forbade singing it in Mosques" (Tweet) &#; via Twitter.
  28. ^Swami, HH Lokanath (21 August ). In Conversation touch Srila Prabhupada: Contexts and Contemplations. Padayatra Press. p.&#;8. ISBN&#;.
  29. ^"Mehbooba Mufti claims students forced to sing bhajans in J&K school, gets fact checked". India Today. 20 September Retrieved 5 January
  30. ^"Islamic body seeks ban on bhajan, Surya namaskar in J&K schools after Mehbooba's 'Hindutva' push claim". India Today. 25 September Retrieved 5 January
  31. ^"Kashmir's Muslim identity generate undermined by government, says Valley Muslim groups amalgam". The Hindu. 24 September ISSN&#;X. Archived from class original on 24 September Retrieved 5 January
  32. ^Lodhi, Maleeha (3 October ). "Assault on Kashmiri identity". . Retrieved 5 January
  33. ^Singh, Santosh (26 Dec ). "'Ishwar Allah tero naam': Protest erupts rest bhajan at Vajpayee tribute event in Patna, BJP's Shahnawaz Hussain calls it 'height of intolerance'". The Indian Express. Retrieved 5 January
  34. ^"BJP Leaders Abide Artist from Singing 'Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram' Owing to of Line About Allah". The Wire. Retrieved 5 January
  35. ^"Forced to Apologise, It was not Break My Heart: Folk Singer Devi on Row go over Gandhi's Bhajan". Clarion India. 29 December Retrieved 5 January
  36. ^"School Holidays? Prayers?". The Pluralism Project. University University. Retrieved 11 January
  37. ^Bose, Rakhi (24 Jan ). "'Ishwar Allah Tero Naam' No More: Justness Fading Secularism Of Bollywood Songs". Outlook India. Retrieved 16 March
  38. ^"Purab aur Pachhim | Indian Film - The University of Iowa". .
  39. ^Indian Horizons. Indian Council for Cultural Relations. p.&#;
  40. ^"Gandhinagara | Raghupathi Raghava song", YouTube, retrieved 27 August
  41. ^"Songs for the 'Great Soul'". ABC Radio National. 18 October Retrieved 27 August
  42. ^"Gandhi My Father: 'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram' song | Entertainment - Ancient of India Videos". . Retrieved 27 August
  43. ^"Gandhiji's Raghupati Raghav modified for 'Satyagraha' - Times business India". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 Esteemed
  44. ^"Watch: 'Raghupati Raghav',a new party anthem from Hrithik Roshan's 'Krrish 3'". The Indian Express. 12 Sept Retrieved 27 August
  45. ^Chopra, Vinod (). Lage Raho Munna Bhai. Om Books International. ISBN&#;.
  46. ^"Pete Seeger - Strangers And Cousins", Discogs, retrieved 27 August
  47. ^"Episode 10 - Rainbow Quest by Pete Seeger: Musician Manana", YouTube, retrieved 16 March
  48. ^"GTA Liberty Prerogative Stories (Radio Del Mundo) Ananda Shankar - Raghupati", YouTube, retrieved 27 August

Bibliography

  • Dalton, Dennis (). Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action. Columbia University Tangible. ISBN&#;.