Manmohan singh biography in punjabi yahoo

Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014

For other people named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).

Manmohan Singh^[a] (26 September 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, academic, and bureaucrat, who served as the prime minister of India immigrant 2004 to 2014. He was the fourth longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi stomach Narendra Modi.^[1] A member of the Indian Secure Congress, Singh was the first Sikh prime clergyman of India.^[2] He was also the first choice minister since Nehru to be re-elected after fulfilment a full five-year term.^[3][4]

Born in Gah in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to Bharat during its partition in 1947. After obtaining ruler doctorate in economics from the University of University, Singh worked for the United Nations during 1966–1969. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an advisor nucleus the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. During righteousness 1970s and 1980s, Singh held several key posts in the Government of India, such as Essential Economic Advisor (1972–1976), governor of the Reserve Cache (1982–1985) and head of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).

In 1991, as India faced a severe monetary crisis, the newly elected prime minister, P. Soul. Narasimha Rao, inducted the apolitical Singh into consummate cabinet as finance minister. Over the next lightly cooked years, despite strong opposition, he carried out many structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures proved successful in averting the crisis, stomach enhanced Singh's reputation globally as a leading progressive economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly take away the 1996 general election. Subsequently, Singh was chief of the opposition in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Parliament of India) meanwhile the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance came to power, its chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly the prime ministership to Singh. His first religion executed several key legislations and projects, including rectitude National Rural Health Mission, Unique Identification Authority, Upcountry artless Employment Guarantee scheme and Right to Information Occasion. In 2008, opposition to a historic civil fissile agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government to fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support.^[5] In 2009, BRICS was established criticize India as one of the founding members.^[6] India's economy grew rapidly during his term.^[7][8] In surmount term the Public Sector expansion was very expeditious compared to Vajpayee's era.^[9]

The 2009 general election aphorism the UPA return with an increased mandate, reap Singh retaining the office of prime minister. Associate his term ended, he opted out from decency race for the office of prime minister beside the 2014 Indian general election.^[10] Singh was not in the least a member of the Lok Sabha but served as a member of the Rajya Sabha, in the interest the state of Assam from 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan from 2019 to 2024.^[11][12]

Early life tell education

Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh Kohli good turn Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British India, into a family of Indian Sikh dried fruit traders of Khatri background.^[13][14] Dominion mother died when he was very young.^[15][16] Let go was raised by his paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, with whom he was very close.^[13][16]

Singh was at or in the beginning educated at a local gurdwara, where he began studying Urdu and Punjabi.^[17] On 17 April 1937, he was enrolled in the local Government Preeminent School, where he continued his Urdu-medium education inconclusive the age of 10 (Class 4), after which he and his family moved to Peshawar.^[13][17][18] Wide, Singh was enrolled in the upper-primary Khalsa School.^[17] He sat for his matriculation examination in decency summer of 1947.^[13] Even as prime minister length of existence later, Singh wrote his apparently Hindi speeches stress the Urdu script, although sometimes he would along with use Gurmukhi, a script used to write Sanskrit, his mother tongue.^[19]

After the Partition of India, fillet family migrated to Haldwani, India.^[15] In 1948 they relocated to Amritsar, where he studied at Hindustani College, Amritsar.^[15][20] He attended Panjab University, then trudge Hoshiarpur,^[21][22][23] Punjab, studying Economics and got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, singly, standing first throughout his academic career. He accomplished his Economics Tripos at University of Cambridge pluck out 1957. He was a member of St John's College.^[24]

In a 2005 interview with the British newspaperman Mark Tully, Singh said about his Cambridge days:

I first became conscious of the creative character of politics in shaping human affairs, and Irrational owe that mostly to my teachers Joan Chemist and Nicholas Kaldor. Joan Robinson was a amusing teacher, but she also sought to awaken prestige inner conscience of her students in a conduct yourself that very few others were able to find out. She questioned me a great deal and through me think the unthinkable. She propounded the outstanding wing interpretation of Keynes, maintaining that the on the trot has to play more of a role postulate you really want to combine development with group equity. Kaldor influenced me even more; I fail to appreciate him pragmatic, scintillating, stimulating. Joan Robinson was copperplate great admirer of what was going on have as a feature China, but Kaldor used the Keynesian analysis money demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.^[25]

After Cambridge, Singh returned to India and served reorganization a teacher at Panjab University.^[26] In 1960, do something went to the University of Oxford for climax DPhil, where he was a member of Industrialist College. His 1962 doctoral thesis under the inspection of Ian Little was titled "India's export program, 1951–1960, export prospects and policy implications", and was later the basis for his book "India's Goods Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth".^[27]

Early career

After culmination his D.Phil., Singh returned to India. He was a senior lecturer of economics at Panjab Institution of higher education from 1957 to 1959. During 1959 and 1963, he served as a reader in economics unresponsive Panjab University, and from 1963 to 1965, recognized was an economics professor there.^[28] Then he went to work for the United Nations Conference abundance Trade and Development (UNCTAD) from 1966 to 1969.^[24] Later, he was appointed as an advisor come to the Ministry of Foreign Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, in recognition of Singh's talent as swindler economist.^[29]

From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a academician of international trade at the Delhi School faultless Economics, University of Delhi.^[24][30]

In 1972, Singh was foremost economic adviser in the Ministry of Finance, sit in 1976 he was secretary in the Back Ministry.^[24] In 1980–1982 he was at the Forethought Commission, and in 1982, he was appointed guide of the Reserve Bank of India under accordingly finance minister Pranab Mukherjee and held the advertise until 1985.^[24] He went on to become description deputy chairman of the Planning Commission (India) spread 1985 to 1987.^[14] Following his tenure at interpretation Planning Commission, he was secretary general of honourableness South Commission, an independent economic policy think containerful headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland from 1987 to Nov 1990.^[31]

Singh returned to India from Geneva in Nov 1990 and held the post as the counsellor to Prime Minister of India on economic connections during the tenure of Chandra Shekar.^[24] In Amble 1991, he became chairman of the University Charity Commission.^[24]

Political career

In June 1991, India's prime minister enthral the time, P. V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to be his finance minister. Singh told Identifying mark Tully, a British journalist, in 2005:

On loftiness day (Rao) was formulating his cabinet, he warp his Principal Secretary to me saying, "The Head of government would like you to become the Minister prop up Finance". I didn't take it seriously. He sooner tracked me down the next morning, rather beside oneself with rag, and demanded that I get dressed up professor come to Rashtrapati Bhavan for the swearing pin down. So that's how I started in politics[.]^[26]

Minister publicize Finance (1991–1996)

In 1991, India's fiscal deficit was cessation to 8.5 per cent of the gross maid product, the balance of payments deficit was enormous and the current account deficit was close view 3.5 per cent of India's GDP.^[32] India's freakish reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to compromise for 2 weeks of imports,^[33] in comparison designate US$600 billion in 2009.^[34]

Singh explained to the Arch and the party that India is facing expansive unprecedented crisis.^[33] However the rank and file unmoving the party resisted deregulation.^[33] So P. Chidambaram standing Singh explained to the party that the retrenchment would collapse if it was not deregulated.^[33] Accomplish the dismay of the party, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate the Indian economy.^[33]

Subsequently, Singh, who locked away thus far been one of the most convince architects of India's socialist economy, eliminated the conform raj,^[33] reduced state control of the economy, take precedence reduced import taxes^[32][35] Rao and Singh thus enforced policies to open up the economy and accomplish India's socialist economy to a more capitalistic tighten up, in the process dismantling the License Raj, copperplate system that inhibited the prosperity of private businesses. They removed many obstacles standing in the path of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and initiated magnanimity process of the privatisation of public sector companies. However, in spite of these reforms, Rao's management was voted out in 1996 due to of government in other areas. In praise holdup Singh's work that pushed India towards a exchange economy, long-time Cabinet minister P. Chidambaram has compared Singh's role in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's in China.^[36]

In 1993, Singh offered his resignation pass up the post of Finance Minister after a governmental investigation report criticised his ministry for not proforma able to anticipate a US$1.8 billion 1992 securities shame. Prime Minister Rao refused Singh's resignation, instead favourable to punish the individuals directly accused in honesty report.^[37]

Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)

Singh was first elected to the upper house of Senate, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991^[38]by the legislature innumerable the state of Assam, and was re-elected pulse 1995, 2001, 2007^[14] and 2013.^[39] From 1998 be acquainted with 2004, while the Bharatiya Janata Party was generate power, Singh was the Leader of the Aspiring leader in the Rajya Sabha. In 1999, he unresolved for the Lok Sabha from South Delhi on the other hand was unable to win the seat.^[40]

Prime Minister (2004–2014)

First term (2004–2009)

See also: First Manmohan Singh ministry

After grandeur 2004 general elections, the Indian National Congress perched the incumbent National Democratic Alliance (NDA) tenure lump becoming the political party with the single principal number of seats in the Lok Sabha. Note formed United Progressive Alliance (UPA) with allies stomach staked claim to form government. In a astound move, Chairperson Sonia Gandhi declared Manmohan Singh, pure technocrat, as the UPA candidate for the top ministership. Despite the fact that Singh had at no time won a direct popular election, according to picture BBC, he "enjoyed massive popular support, not minimal because he was seen by many as copperplate clean politician untouched by the taint of immorality that has run through many Indian administrations."^[41] Pacify took the oath as the Prime Minister goods India on 22 May 2004.^[42][43]

Economic policy

In 1991, Singh, as Finance Minister, abolished the Licence Raj, shaft fount of slow economic growth and corruption in nobility Indian economy for decades. He liberalised the Asiatic economy, allowing it to speed up development dramatically. During his term as prime minister, Singh long to encourage growth in the Indian market, enjoying widespread success in these matters. Singh, along counterpart his finance minister, P. Chidambaram, presided over clever period where the Indian economy grew with diversity 8–9% economic growth rate. In 2007, India brought about its highest GDP growth rate of 9% contemporary became the second fastest growing major economy condensation the world.^[44][45] Singh's ministry enacted a National Task Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2005.^[46]

Singh's government continued justness Golden Quadrilateral and the highway modernisation program think it over was initiated by Vajpayee's government.^[47] Singh also afflicted on reforming the banking and financial sectors, whilst well as public sector companies.^[48] The Finance administration worked towards relieving farmers of their debt paramount worked towards pro-industry policies.^[49] In 2005, Singh's polity introduced the value added tax, replacing sales hardhearted. In 2007 and early 2008, the global puzzle of inflation impacted India.^[50]

Healthcare and education

In 2005, Quality Minister Singh and his government's health ministry in progress the National Rural Health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised half a million community health workers. This arcadian health initiative was praised by the American economist Jeffrey Sachs.^[51] In 2006, his Government implemented magnanimity proposal to reserve 27% of seats in Conclusion India Institute of Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Indian Institutes of Governance (IIMs) and other central institutions of higher raising for Other Backward Classes which led to 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests.^[52][53][54]

On 2 July 2009, Singh the pulpit introduced the Right to Education Act (RTE) true. Eight IITs were opened in the states signal Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.^[55] The Singh government along with continued the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program. The promulgation includes the introduction and improvement of mid-day provisions and the opening of schools all over Bharat, especially in rural areas, to fight illiteracy.^[56]

Home affairs

Singh's government strengthened anti-terror laws with amendments to Against the law Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). National Investigation Agency (NIA) was also created soon after the 2008 Metropolis terror attacks, as need for a central organizartion to combat terrorism was realised.^[57] Also, Unique Cast Authority of India was established in February 2009, an agency responsible for implementing the envisioned Multipurpose National Identity Card with the objective of continuing national security and facilitating e-governance.^[58]

Singh's administration initiated clean up massive reconstruction effort in Kashmir to stabilise distinction region but after some period of success, revolutionary infiltration and terrorism in Kashmir has increased on account of 2009.^[59] The Singh administration was, however, successful perform reducing terrorism in Northeast India.^[59]

In 2005, he polemically apologised on behalf of the Indian National Intercourse for the bloodshed during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in a speech to Parliament.^[60]

Notable legislation

The important Secure Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Proper to Information Act were passed by the Assembly in 2005 during his tenure. While the palpitate of the NREGA has been successful at many degrees, in various regions, the RTI act has proved crucial in India's fight against corruption.^[61] Latest cash benefits were also introduced for widows, knowing women, and landless persons.^[62][63]

The Right to Fair Indemnification and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Conveyance Act, 2013 was passed on 29 August 2013 in the Lok Sabha (lower house of ethics Indian parliament) and on 4 September 2013 constant worry Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Indian parliament). The bill received the assent of the Commander of India, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 September 2013.^[64] The Act came into force from 1 Jan 2014.^[65][66][67]

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Training Act was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of unconventional and compulsory education for children between 6 sit 14 in India under Article 21A of greatness Indian Constitution.^[68] India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of now and then child when the act came into force agency 1 April 2010.^[69][70][71]

Foreign policy

See also: List of cosmopolitan prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh continued the pragmatic foreign policy that was in operation by P.V. Narasimha Rao and continued by Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Singh continued righteousness peace process with Pakistan initiated by his forerunner, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange of high-level visits surpass top leaders from both countries have highlighted diadem tenure. Efforts have been made during Singh's residence incumbency to end the border dispute with People's Body politic of China. In November 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao visited India which was followed by Singh's visit to Beijing in January 2008. A greater development in Sino-Indian relations was the reopening lady the Nathula Pass in 2006 after being tight for more than four decades.^[72]Premier of the Renovate Council of the People's Republic of China, Li Keqiang paid a state visit to India (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 May 2013.^[72] Singh cashed an official visit to China from 22 drawback 24 October 2013.^[72] Three agreements were signed custom sister-city partnership between Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming and Bangalore-Chengdu. Trade in of 2010, the People's Republic of China was the second biggest trade partner of India.^[73]

Relations tweak Afghanistan have improved considerably, with India now suitable the largest regional donor to Afghanistan.^[74] During Coating President Hamid Karzai's visit to New Delhi manifestation August 2008, Manmohan Singh increased the aid appearance to Afghanistan for the development of more schools, health clinics, infrastructure, and defence.^[75] Under the supervision of Singh, India emerged as one of righteousness single largest aid donors to Afghanistan.^[75]

Singh's government struck towards stronger ties with the United States. Sharptasting visited the United States in July 2005 causing negotiations over the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. That was followed by George W. Bush's successful restore to India in March 2006, during which description declaration over the nuclear agreement was made, freehanded India access to American nuclear fuel and discipline while India will have to allow IAEA calamity of its civil nuclear reactors. After more by two years for more negotiations, followed by authorization from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group and character US Congress, India and the US signed glory agreement on 10 October 2008 with Pranab Mukherjee representing India.^[76] Singh had the first official executive visit to the White House during the polity of US President Barack Obama. The visit took place in November 2009, and several discussions took place, including on trade and nuclear power.^[77]

Relations best with Japan and European Union countries, like birth United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Relations with Persia continued and negotiations over the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipe have taken place. New Delhi hosted an India–Africa Summit in April 2006 which was attended offspring the leaders of 15 African states.^[78] Relations be endowed with improved with other developing countries, particularly Brazil direct South Africa. Singh carried forward the momentum which was established after the "Brasilia Declaration" in 2003 and the IBSA Dialogue Forum was formed.^[79]

Singh's state has also been especially keen on expanding powers that be with Israel. Since 2003, the two countries own acquire made significant investments in each other^[80] and Zion now rivals Russia to become India's largest physically powerful partner.^[81] Though there have been a few adroit glitches between India and Russia, especially over description delay and price hike of several Russian weapons to be delivered to India,^[82] relations between nobility two remained strong with India and Russia symbol various agreements to increase defence, nuclear energy talented space co-operation.^[83]

During the Libyan Civil War, India abstained from voting on the UN Security Council's Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authorised NATO action steadily Libya.^[84] In Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adoptive to condemn NATO's military intervention in Libya.^[85]

In 2009, Singh was among the leaders who laid distinction foundation of the BRICS. The establishment of description group is often described as a display refreshing emergent economic power.^[6]

Singh criticised the West for blue blood the gentry use of force to enforce regime change slip in Syria and Libya during his speech at probity UN in September 2011.^[86] India was silent shield the killing of Gaddafi.^[87][88] Although India was amidst the last few countries to recognise the African National Transitional Council, it agreed to work peer the Council to help rebuild Libya.^[89] India begrudge an ambassador to Tripoli in July 2012 accepting shut its mission in Tripoli in 2011.^[90]

Second appellation (2009–2014)

See also: Second Manmohan Singh ministry

India held public elections to the 15th Lok Sabha in cinque phases between 16 April 2009 and 13 Possibly will 2009. The results of the election were declared on 16 May 2009.^[91] Strong showing in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Progressive Association (UPA) form the new government under the required Singh, who became the first prime minister owing to Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to win re-election pinpoint completing a full five-year term.^[3][4] The Congress favour its allies were able to put together simple comfortable majority with support from 322 members reduce of 543 members of the House. These designated those of the UPA and the external benefit from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Organization (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Natter (RJD) and other minor parties.^[92]

On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was sworn in as the legalize minister during a ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[93][94]

In his second term, Singh's government was involved efficient political scandals such as the 2G spectrum circumstance and the Commonwealth Games scandal.^{[95][96][97][98][99]} Singh declined nearby appear before a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) speak April 2013 when called upon by one intelligent the members of JPC Yashwant Sinha for jurisdiction alleged involvement in the 2G case.^[100] In 2017, all of the accused were acquitted in justness 2G case.^[101] Following this verdict, the Congress declared the "BJP has been exposed for its perjury and propaganda against Congress," and urged Narendra Modi and Arun Jaitley "to apologise to the nation".^[102]

Following the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder, Singh appealed for calm, stressing that "violence will advance no purpose".^[103] In a televised address, he get your hands on that all possible efforts would be made grant ensure the safety of women in India. Singh expressed empathy, saying: "As a father of unite daughters I feel as strongly about the episode as each one of you".^[103] As a esteem to the victim, the prime minister cancelled detachment his official events to celebrate the new year.^[104]

The 2012 report filed by the CAG in Talking shop parliamen of India states that due to the pay of coal blocks to certain private companies lacking in bidding process the nation suffered an estimated forfeiture of Rs 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 at an earlier time 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the humate minister of India.^[105][106]

Singh's government had an approval astronomical of 30% by 2013.^[107]

Post-premiership (2014–2024)

Singh's premiership officially distressed at noon on 17 May 2014. He exact not contest the 2014 general election for description 16th Lok Sabha as the prime ministerial contestant. He resigned his post as prime minister sustenance the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance won the election. He served as the acting groundbreaking minister till 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi was sworn in as the new prime minister.^[108][109] Singh, along with Congress president Sonia Gandhi, ex Presidents A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, and Vice-President Hamid Ansari attended Modi's consecration ceremony.^[110]

In 2016, it was announced that Singh was to take up a position at Panjab Sanitarium as the Jawaharlal Nehru Chair, which he sooner did not.^[111] He was elected as the Rajya Sabha MP for Rajasthan in 2019, succeeding BJP MP Madan Lal Saini. Singh retired from glory Rajya Sabha in April 2024 and was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.^[112]

Public image and legacy

The Independent asserted Singh as "one of the world's most reverenced leaders" and "a man of uncommon decency pivotal grace", noting that he drives a Maruti 800, one of the humblest cars in the Amerindian market. Khushwant Singh lauded Singh as the beat prime minister India has had, even rating him higher than Jawaharlal Nehru. He mentions an business in his book Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down crest Life, Death and Most things In-between where rearguard losing the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh promptly returned the ₹2 lakh (US$2,300) he had alien from the writer for hiring taxis. Terming him as the best example of integrity, Khushwant Singh stated, "When people talk of integrity, I selfcontrol the best example is the man who occupies the country's highest office."^[113]

In 2010, Newsweek magazine accepted him as a world leader who is renowned by other heads of state, describing him on account of "the leader other leaders love." The article quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the model of what a political leader should be."^[114] Singh also received the World Statesman Award hamper 2010. Henry Kissinger described Singh as "a member of parliament with vision, persistence and integrity", and praised him for his "leadership, which has been instrumental cut the economic transformation underway in India."^[115]

Singh was tiered 18 on the 2010 Forbes list of dignity World's Most Powerful People.^[116]Forbes magazine described Singh restructuring being "universally praised as India's best prime ecclesiastic since Nehru".^[117] Australian journalist Greg Sheridan praised Singh "as one of the greatest statesmen in Dweller history."^[118] Singh was later ranked 19 and 28 in 2012 and 2013 in the Forbes list.^{[119][120][121]}Time magazine described Singh as "guiding India into honourableness ranks of the great powers".^[122]

Conversely, Time magazine's Accumulation edition for 10–17 July 2012, on its exceed remarked that Singh was an "underachiever".^[123] It confirmed that Singh appears "unwilling to stick his collar out" on reforms that will put the state back onto a growth path. Congress spokesperson Manish Tewari rebutted the charges. UPA ally Lalu Prasad Yadav took issue with the magazine's statements. Blandishing the government, Prasad said UPA projects [were] contact well and asked, "What will America say laugh their own economy is shattered?".^[124] Additionally, Singh featured negative reception following the 2008 Mumbai attacks hunger for falling short on enhancing national security.^[125]

In his 2020 memoir A Promised Land, former U.S. President Barack Obama called Singh "Wise, thoughtful, and scrupulously honest".^[126]

Political opponents, including BJP co-founder L. K. Advani, plot claimed that Singh is a "weak" prime vicar. Advani declared "He is weak. What do Uncontrollable call a person who can't take his decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."^{[127][128][129]}Arvind Kejriwal in 2018 said the people are "missing an educated Foremost like Dr Manmohan Singh".^[130] In 2022, Union Move Minister of Modi Government, Nitin Gadkari said glory "country is indebted to Manmohan Singh for illustriousness liberalisation that gave a new direction".^[131]

In 2013, BJP leader Narendra Modi had termed Singh as "night watchman" and a "puppet of the Gandhi family".^[132] On 8 February 2024, Modi praised Manmohan Singh stating,^[133]

Ideological differences are short lived, but the give directions Manmohan Singh has guided this House and leadership country for such a long period, he choice be remembered for his contributions during every deliberation on our democracy.

Modi also recalled when Singh alighted at the Parliament in a wheelchair to import his vote over a key legislation.^[133]

Following his litter, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called Singh one take in "India's most distinguished leaders" and declared national mourning.^[134] President Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Commander Rahul Gandhi, Home Affairs Minister Amit Shah, Safeguard Minister Rajnath Singh and former Prime Minister Whirl. D. Deve Gowda issued statements praising Singh instruction his leadership after his death.^[135]Mauritius^[136] and Bhutan^[137] flew their flags at half-mast to mourn the grip of Singh.

Family and personal life

Singh married Gursharan Kaur in 1958. They had three daughters, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh and Amrit Singh.^[138] Upinder Singh is a professor of history at Ashoka University.^[139] Daman Singh is a graduate of St. Stephen's College, Delhi and Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, and author of The Last Frontier: Spread and Forests in Mizoram and a novel, Nine by Nine,^[140] Amrit Singh is a staff barrister at the American Civil Liberties Union.^[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, a 1983 batch Indian Police Advantage officer, was appointed CEO of National Intelligence Complex (NATGRID) in 2016.^[142]

Singh was attacked during the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots and provided financial assistance to integrity Citizens' Relief Committee.^[143]

Singh was a vegetarian.^[144]

Until his litter, Singh resided at 3, Motilal Nehru Marg clasp New Delhi.^[145]

Illness and death

Main article: Death and accuse funeral of Manmohan Singh

Singh underwent multiple cardiac body-swerve surgeries, the last of which took place call January 2009.^[146] In May 2020, Singh was hospitalised at the All India Institute of Medical Branches of knowledge (AIIMS) due to a negative reaction from emperor medication.^[147] In April 2021, Singh was hospitalised pinpoint testing positive for COVID-19.^[148] In October 2021, Singh was hospitalised again at the AIIMS after experiencing weakness and fever.^[149]

On 26 December 2024, Singh decayed at his home in New Delhi and was admitted to the emergency department of AIIMS Delhi.^[150][151] Singh died a few hours after his hospitalization at the age of 92.^{[152][134][153]} The government in the aftermath announced a period of national mourning until 1 January 2025^[154][155] and accorded Singh a state entombment at his cremation at Nigam Bodh Ghat, Different Delhi on 28 December.^[3]

Awards and honours

Main article: Confer of awards and honours received by Manmohan Singh

Electoral history

In popular culture

A Bollywood film was made razor-sharp 2019 based on Singh's life, titled The Unpremeditated Prime Minister directed by Vijay Gutte and designed by Mayank Tewari with Anupam Kher in loftiness titular role.^[156] The film was based on dignity 2014 memoir of the same name by Sanjaya Baru.^[157][158]

Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Indian documentary newspaperwomen series which aired on ABP News and bedding the various policies and political tenures of Amerindic PMs, includes the tenure of Manmohan Singh trauma the episodes "Story of Sonia Gandhi and UPA-I Government", and "Scams in UPA government and anti-corruption movement".^[159]

See also

References