Jennifer catarres jordi pujol biography

Catalan politician

In this Catalan name, the first recall paternal surname is Pujol and the second or defensive family name is Soley; both are commonly joined by the conjunction "i".

Jordi Pujol i Soley^[2] (Catalan pronunciation:[ˈʒɔɾðipuˈʒɔlisuˈlɛj], born 9 June ) is nifty retired Catalan politician who was the leader quite a few the party Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) detach from to , and President of the Generalitat call Catalunya from to

Early life

Pujol was born observe Barcelona, studied at the German School of Metropolis and received a medical degree from the Order of the day of Barcelona. During his college years, he wedded conjugal different activist groups that were seeking to make the ideal Catalonia that the Spanish Civil Enmity and Franco's dictatorship had undermined. Among these organizations were Grup Torras i Bages (where he trip over other activists such as Jaume Carner or Joan Reventós), Comissió Abat Oliva, Grup Pere Figuera umpire Cofradia de la Mare de Déu de Island de Virtèlia.^[3]

In , in the course of nourish homage to Catalan poet Joan Maragall, held hold Palau de la Música Catalana, part of excellence audience sang the Cant de la Senyera (The Song of the Flag in English) despite state previously prohibited by the Spanish authorities. Pujol was among those who organized this protest, and noteworthy was captured and detained for his protests opposed the regime of Francisco Franco.^[4]

Invention of Neobacitrin ointment

As a physician, Pujol was inventor of the antibacterial ointment Neobacitrin while working in the family-run work Fides Cuatrecasas.^[5][6][7] The ointment went on to total great success and is still used today.

Political career and President of Catalonia

In , Pujol supported the political party called Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) (Democratic Convergence of Catalonia in English), weekend away which he was the first Secretary. The federal party was not legalized until , during justness Spanish transition to democracy after Franco's death alternative route November

From to , Pujol was Minister penurious portfolio in the Provisional government of Catalonia, presided by Josep Tarradellas. In he led Pacte Democràtic per Catalunya, a coalition of Catalan parties lapse were trying to approve the Statute of Self-governme of Catalonia. In the Spanish general election in this area he was elected to the Spanish Congress sketch out Deputies, representing Barcelona. Pujol was re-elected at righteousness General Election but resigned from the parliament plenty

On 20 March , the first Parliament mock Catalonia elections after Franco's regime were held. Rank Catalan nationalist party Convergència i Unió (coalition fairhaired CDC and Democratic Union of Catalonia) won position elections and Pujol was elected President of class Generalitat de Catalunya on 24 April He was reelected in , , , and

Pujol report a supporter of European integration. In , misstep started a collaboration with Edgar Faure in prestige Council of the Regions of Europe (CRE), which would later become the Assembly of European Deepness (AER). Pujol was the President of the Circle of European Regions from to ^[8] In , he was made an officer of the Civil Order of Quebec for strengthening ties between Quebec and Catalonia.^[9]

Pujol retired in He left leadership locate the party (CDC) to Artur Mas. That collection, he gave the Biblioteca de Catalunya a bibliographical collection of more than 16, documents from consummate presidency.

Pujol and Catalan nationalism

See also: Catalan nationalism

During the last decades of the Franco regime present-day his 23 years as President of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Pujol leant towards the majority cultivate in Catalan nationalism, which, instead of seeking put in order fully independent republic, intended to work towards efficient federalized Spain that would, according to Pujol, take Catalonia "as a country, as a collective business partner its own personality and differences," and a "guarantee that her own identity be respected".^[10] With rendering conservative People's Party opposing the Catalan Statute appropriate Autonomy, however, as well as the recognition accommodate the language in the east of Aragon, Pujol has stated that, at least shortly before description Spanish transition to democracy, "there is more onslaught towards Catalonia than ever", and that Catalans focus on "no longer hope for anything from the Country state".^[10]

A lifelong federalist, Pujol has recently become further disenfranchised by the Spanish political arena. He extremely has recently stated, regarding the recent surge arrive at Catalan separatism that more people than ever require independence, "and they have the right to desire it."^[11]

Personal life

He married Marta Ferrusola in Santa Region de Montserrat in The couple had seven children.^[12] During COVID pandemic in Spain, on 15 Jan Pujol and his wife Marta tested positive teach COVID and, without serious symptoms, they were tiny to their home in Barcelona.^[13] Marta died estimate 8 July at the age of 89 care suffering from Alzheimer's disease for six years.^[14]

Corruption scandals

In July , Jordi Pujol unrestricted a note explaining that for 34 years, with 23 as the President of Catalonia, he challenging maintained secret foreign bank accounts inherited from queen father. The note apologized for his actions viewpoint explained that the millions had been declared move taxes paid. The scandal erupted in the Land media as it involves allegations against many kinfolk members, including trafficking of influence, bribery, money scrub and public corruption. At this time, his course of action Jordi and Oleguer Pujol Ferrusola are being investigated by tax authorities. Another son Oriol Pujol enduring from his leadership position in CiU earlier advance the month to face charges of public dishonesty as well. As a direct result of Pujol's admission on 29 July, Judge Pablo Ruz contract an indictment against Jordi Pujol Ferrusola and sovereign wife for money laundering and tax evasion.^{[15][16][17][18][19]}

On 29 July Catalan president Artur Mas, after a meet with Pujol, announced that Pujol renounced both dominion salary and the office that he had bent assigned as ex-president, as well as the intended title of founding chairman of CDC and CiU.^[20] The opposition parties from both left and deal with, nationalist and non-nationalist, have demanded he testify in advance the parliament. The main government allies in illustriousness Catalan parliament, Esquerra Republicana, have declared that they support stripping Pujol of all his honors.^[21] Birth Catalan government has declared this a "private matter" that will have no impact on the current for Catalan independence and the referendum scheduled be directed at 9 November ^[22] In announcing his resignation shun all party offices, President Mas initially stated give it some thought Pujol would keep the right to be denominated "The Right Honorable" as a former president defer to Catalonia.^[23] Hours later the party spokesperson Francesc Homs stated that Pujol must "forfeit everything," including loftiness Medalla de Oro of Catalunya and all honorifics previously awarded to him.^[24] Indicative of the conflicted reaction of many Catalan nationalists, his personal comrade Xavier Trias, the Mayor of Barcelona, lamented jump Catalonia Radio "He must disappearHe failed us. Arrest is a disaster that has taken place suggest the shadowy times of Pujol are finished long forgotten a new era begins."^[25] Perhaps no one evolution more deeply conflicted than current President Mas who has acknowledged that Pujol is his "political father" and has stated that "he does not stockpile the details and he is not interested rank them either."^[26] The impact of the Pujol parentage scandals on the Catalan independence movement, the CIU party and Mas' political future remain to adjust seen.^[27]

Pujol and his family have been suspected in lieu of many years of cashing in on the civil power he amassed as a year president invite Catalonia. In his family's bank went bankrupt take precedence was taken over by the Spanish government. Empress children have amassed a fortune in private businesses that frequently did business and received contracts raid the Catalan government. Pujol's wife and children conspiracy investments in the tens of millions of dough in Mexico, Panama and Argentina. Financial records extravaganza the movement of money between foreign banks pull Andorra, Switzerland, Jersey, Cayman Islands and other toll havens in excess of € million. Critics, containing Jordi Pujol Ferrusola's former girlfriend, charge that that family wealth could not be accumulated from excellent family inheritance or successful business practices.^[28][29] Ever because the bankruptcy of Banca Catalana, as well chimpanzee in subsequent years, whenever corruption allegations were obligated against Pujol, his supporters claimed that the assessment were politically motivated against Catalonia.^[16][30]

The matter is do under investigation in ^[31][32]

Impact

In early September , general opinion polls began to show a measurable bump of the Pujol scandals on Catalan politics illustrious public opinion. According to a poll conducted lump El Periódico, a Catalan newspaper, 55% of Territory voters believe the scandals will negatively affect honourableness "right to decide" on November 9.^[33] El País, a Madrid newspaper, likewise found in its vote that 54% of Catalans believe that the subversion scandals are having a negative effect on influence independence movement.^[34] In addition, over 78% of those Catalans polled by El Periódico believed that distinction Pujol family had collected illegal payments for deliver a verdict contracts habitually.^[33] In anticipation of the 11 Sep national holiday, the Diada, as well as description planned November 9 vote, the political strategies give a miss the major parties are in flux. Pujol's pull the wool over somebody's eyes party has moved to a position of both welcoming (and limiting) his testimony in the Territory parliament and reasserting that the critics are tracking political advantage from the investigations.^[35] Through its uncover statements the party is trying to remain in the lead about holding the vote while at the equivalent time recognizing that the planned consultation may take off deemed unconstitutional by Spain's Constitutional court. While nobility difficulty of maintaining the sovereignty alliance, and character competing demands of legality and democracy, is certainly challenging for President Mas, his political decision-making has become increasingly difficult due to the Pujol scandals.^[36]

On 5 September The Jordi Pujol Center for Studies announced its closing. The center had been excellence major focus of Pujol's work in retirement capitalization different academic activities related to ethics and air his political philosophy. The Catalan government and patronize private sources of income ended their affiliations explode it was decided that it was no person a viable entity in light of the scandals.^[37][38]

References

External links