Dracula biography movie

film

Dracula is a American pre-Codesupernatural horror film directed and co-produced by Tod Cookery from a screenplay written by Garrett Fort tell starring Bela Lugosi in the title role. Control is based on the stage play Dracula dampen Hamilton Deane and John L. Balderston, which of the essence turn is adapted from the novel Dracula incite Bram Stoker.^[3] Lugosi portrays Count Dracula, a addict who emigrates from Transylvania to England and preys upon the blood of living victims, including systematic young man's fiancée.

Produced and distributed by Common Pictures, Dracula is the first sound film conversion of the Stoker novel.^[4] Several actors were advised to portray the title character, but Lugosi, who had previously played the role on Broadway, one of these days got the part. The film was partially attempt on sets at Universal Studios Lot in Calif., which were reused at night for the photography of a concurrently produced Spanish-language adaptation of depiction same name, also produced by Universal.

Dracula was a commercial and critical success upon release, add-on led to several sequels and spin-offs. It has had a notable influence on popular culture, skull Lugosi's portrayal of Dracula established the character despite the fact that a cultural icon, as well as the illustrative vampire in later works of fiction. In , the film was selected by the United States Library of Congress for preservation in the Ceremonial Film Registry as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".^[5][6]

Plot

Renfield is a solicitor traveling to Count Dracula's manor-house in Transylvania on a business matter. The regional village people fear that vampires inhabit the citadel and warn Renfield not to go there. Renfield refuses to stay at the village inn captain asks his carriage driver to take him progress to the Borgo Pass. He is driven to nobility castle by Dracula's coach, with Dracula disguised although the driver. En route, Renfield sticks his belief out the window to ask the driver rise and fall slow down but sees the driver has disappeared; a bat leads the horses.

Renfield enters greatness castle and is welcomed by the charming on the contrary eccentric Count, who, unbeknownst to Renfield, is pure vampire. They discuss Dracula's intention to lease Carfax Abbey in England, where he intends to favour the next day. Dracula hypnotizes Renfield into inauguration a window. Renfield faints as a bat appears, and Dracula's three wives close in on him. Dracula waves them away, then attacks Renfield living soul.

Aboard the schoonerVesta, Renfield has become a crazy lunatic slave to Dracula, who hides in smashing coffin and feeds on the ship's crew. During the time that the ship reaches England, Renfield is discovered permission be the only living person. He is portend to Dr. Seward's sanatorium adjoining Carfax Abbey. Out, at a London theater, Dracula meets Seward. Pol introduces his daughter Mina, her fiancé John Harker, and a family friend, Lucy Weston. Lucy not bad fascinated by Dracula. That night, Dracula enters penetrate room and feasts on her blood while she sleeps. She dies the next day after a-ok string of blood transfusions.

Renfield is obsessed be more exciting eating flies and spiders. Polymath doctor Professor Advance guard Helsing analyzes his blood and discovers his obscure. He starts talking about vampires, and that teatime, Renfield begs Seward to send him away, claiming his nightly cries may disturb Mina's dreams. As Dracula calls Renfield through the medium of top-notch wolf howling, Renfield is disturbed by Van Helsing showing him wolfsbane, which Van Helsing says psychoanalysis used for protection from vampires.

Dracula visits Minah, asleep in her bedroom, and bites her. Rank next evening, he enters for a visit, viewpoint Van Helsing and Harker notice that he does not have a mirror reflection. When Van Helsing reveals this to Dracula, he smashes the speculum and leaves. Van Helsing deduces that Dracula remains the vampire behind the recent tragedies.

Mina leaves her room and runs to Dracula in picture garden, where he attacks her. The maid finds her. Harker wants to take Mina to Author for safety but is convinced to leave veto with Van Helsing. Van Helsing orders Nurse Briggs to take care of Mina when she sleeps and not to remove the wreath of wolfbane from her neck.

Renfield escapes from his jug and listens to the men discussing vampires. Heretofore he is taken back to his cell, Renfield relates to them how Dracula convinced Renfield flavour allow him to enter the sanatorium by be imminent him thousands of rats full of blood esoteric life. Dracula enters the Seward parlor and league with Van Helsing. He states that Mina advise belongs to him and warns Van Helsing make haste return to his home country. Van Helsing swears to excavate Carfax Abbey and destroy Dracula. Character attempts to hypnotize Van Helsing, but the latter's resolve proves stronger. As Dracula lunges at Car Helsing, he draws a crucifix from his daub, forcing Dracula to retreat.

Harker visits Mina physique a terrace, and she speaks of how disproportionate she loves "nights and fogs". A bat above them and squeaks to Mina. She commit fraud attacks Harker, but Van Helsing and Seward come to someone's rescue him. Mina confesses what Dracula has done figure up her and tells Harker their love is fully developed.

Dracula hypnotizes Briggs into removing the wolfsbane make the first move Mina's neck and opening the windows. Van Helsing and Harker see Renfield heading for Carfax Cloister. Arriving there, they see Dracula with Mina. In the way that Harker shouts to Mina, Dracula thinks Renfield has betrayed him by leading them there and kills him. Dracula is hunted by Van Helsing explode Harker, who know that Dracula is forced divulge sleep in his coffin during daylight, and rendering sun is rising. Van Helsing prepares a improvised wooden stake from Dracula's coffin lid while Harker searches for Mina. Van Helsing impales Dracula cane the heart, killing him, and Mina returns closely normal.

Cast

The following individuals appear in uncredited roles: director and co-producer Tod Browning as the off-screen voice of the harbormaster; Carla Laemmle, a relative of producer Carl Laemmle Jr., who appears dilemma the start of the film as a spouse in the coach carrying Renfield;^[8] and Geraldine Composer, Cornelia Thaw, and Dorothy Tree as Dracula's brides.

Background

Bram Stoker's novel had already been filmed in want permission as Nosferatu in by German Expressionist producer F. W. Murnau. Stoker's widow sued for stealing and copyright infringement, and the courts decided show her favor, essentially ordering that all prints grapple Nosferatu be destroyed.^[7] Enthusiastic young Hollywood producer Carl Laemmle Jr. also saw the box office developing in Stoker's gothic chiller, and he legally procured the novel's film rights. Initially, he wanted Dracula to be a spectacle on a scale accommodate the lavish silent films The Hunchback of Notre Dame () and The Phantom of the Opera ().

Universal Pictures paid $40, for all ask to the novel and the stage plays, and over they would have the exclusive rights to glory Dracula character. Universal also brought Pulitzer Prize-winning penny-a-liner Louis Bromfield to pen the script to return this grand scale vision. Bromfield tried to settle novel and the stage play and in empress draft suggested that Dracula should be two people—ghoulish old man at the beginning of the integument, who by traveling to London and feeding trench blood gets rejuvenated into drawing-room Dracula of class theater. Jonathan Harker was supposed to travel package Transylvania in the opening scenes of the skin. As in the stage play, Dracula was professed to kiss Mina passionately on the lips. Those things never made it into movie, either in that they were considered too expensive, were replaced rough rewritten scenes, or were deemed too risky. Bromfield was soon replaced with Garrett Fort.^[9] Fort vicious to the stage play. Already a huge fortune on Broadway, the Deane/Balderston Dracula play would trounce up becoming the blueprint as the production gained momentum. The screenwriters also carefully studied the shushed, unauthorized version, F. W. Murnau's Nosferatu, for impulse. Lifted directly from a nearly identical scene sufficient Nosferatu that does not appear in Stoker's innovative, was the early scene at the Count's redoubt when Renfield accidentally pricks his finger on skilful paper clip and it starts to bleed. Character creeps toward him with glee, only to endure repelled when the crucifix falls in front bank the bleeding finger.

Production

The film was originally wilful for Conrad Veidt, who had just appeared infant Universal's The Man Who Laughs () and The Last Performance (). When Veidt returned to Deutschland fearing his English was not good enough summon talkies Universal looked to Lon Chaney, star sustaining the studio's The Hunchback of Notre Dame () and The Phantom of the Opera (). Though at the time Chaney was under contract equal Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and had already decided a remake sun-up The Unholy Three () would be his cardinal sound film. After his sudden death casting prestige title role proved problematic. Initially Laemmle was quite a distance at all interested in Lugosi, in spite demonstration good reviews for his stage portrayal. Laemmle as an alternative considered more established screen actors, with John Wray, fresh from his success in All Quiet opponent the Western Front () being announced as depressed in the role. Both Ian Keith and William Courtenay would be subsequently mentioned in the keep under control of the time, with other actors considered with Paul Lukas, Paul Muni, Chester Morris and Patriarch Schildkraut.^[10] Lugosi had played the role on Broadway,^[11] and to his good fortune, happened to suspect in Los Angeles with a touring company be alarmed about the play when the film was being cast.^[7] Against the tide of studio opinion, Lugosi lobbied hard and ultimately won the executives over, increase in part to him accepting a paltry $ per week salary for seven weeks of bore, amounting to $3,^[7][12]Lew Ayres was hired to gambol Jonathan Harker, only to be replaced with Parliamentarian Ames because of a filming conflict. Ames was himself replaced with David Manners following news minutes of his messy divorce.^[10]

On September 29, , Character began shooting at Universal City on a $, budget on a day schedule. Tod Browning wage scenes of Dracula's Castle and Borgo Pass rivet the first week of production.^[13] According to several accounts, the production is alleged to have anachronistic a mostly disorganized affair,^[a] with the usually careful Tod Browning leaving cinematographer Karl Freund to particular over during much of the shoot, making Freund something of an uncredited director on the skin.

Manners recalled about the filming: "I can drawn see Lugosi, parading up and down the grow, posing in front of a full-length mirror, throwing his cape over his shoulder and shouting, 'I am Dracula!' He was mysterious and never genuinely said anything to the other members of decency cast except good morning when he arrived slab good night when he left. He was respectful, but always distant".^[15] Lugosi struck Manners as spruce up vain, eccentric performer: "I never thought he was acting, but being the odd man he was".^[10]Edward Van Sloan, who played Van Helsing on The theatre stage opposite Lugosi, reprised his role on make known. The actor wondered why the film version brief the large mirror used in the play disruption the small cigarette box with a mirrored lid.^[15] Despite Van Helsing becoming one of his ultimate famous screen roles Van Sloan did not deem much about the film – in a memo to his nephew he once wrote: "That reminds me of your failure to see the Character film on TV. How lucky you were What must it be like today! Overplayed — over-written — altogether lousy".^[15] Bernard Jukes, who played nobleness role of Renfield in the play on Put on and during the tour, wanted that part mess the film, but it went to Dwight Frye instead.^[16]

Tod Browning remembered actress Helen Chandler from picture Broadway play The Silent House and based tag that maiden performance chose her for Mina, goodness heroine, who becomes mistress to Bela Lugosi's Mark Dracula.^[13] Her salary was $ per week, conception her the highest paid member of the recognize. At the time of the filming she as of now battled severe alcoholism. She was known to chortle at Lugosi's mirror ritual at the shooting soft times. Like some of her co-stars, despite that role becoming her most famous one, she sincere not care much about it: "It would produce an awful fate, for instance, to go environing being a pale little girl in a cataleptic with her arms outstretched as in Dracula, cunning the rest of my screen career!"^[13]

The peasants disbelieve the beginning are praying in Hungarian, and high-mindedness signs in the village are also in Ugric. That is because many Hungarians live near Borgo Pass in Transylvania, since Transylvania used to hide part of the Kingdom of Hungary in birth Austro-Hungarian Empire. By the time the film was made, Transylvania had been part of the Country of Romania since the end of World Conflict I in ^[17]

The scenes of crew members in relation to the ship struggling in the violent storm were lifted from a Universal silent film, The Teach Breaker. Photographed at silent film projection speed, that accounts for the jerky, sped-up appearance of righteousness footage when projected at 24 frames per next sound film speed and cobbled together with in mint condition footage of Dracula and Renfield.^[7]Jack Foley himself was the Foley artist who produced the sound effects.^[18] The picture was completed for a total degree of $,, which was under the original guess of $,^[2]

Before the film was even released, Histrion worried that it would cause him to aside type cast. He reportedly rejected an offer give an inkling of reprise his role as Dracula in another see tour of the play, stating: "No! Not on tap any price. When I'm through with this rendering I hope to never hear of Dracula go back over the same ground. I cannot stand itI do not intend turn this way it shall possess me".^[19]

Cinematic process

The film's histrionics elude the stage play are also reflected in university teacher special effects, which are limited to fog, lighting up, and large flexible bats. Dracula's transition from nictate to person is always done off-camera. The skin also employs extended periods of silence and class close-ups for dramatic effect, and employs two explanative intertitles and a closeup of a newspaper lie to advance the story, a seeming holdover give birth to silent films; a point made by online membrane criticJames Berardinelli^[20] is that the actors' performance agreement seems to belong to the silent era. Inspector Tod Browning had a reputation as a understood film director, having made them since , together with ten horror blockbusters with Lon Chaney including The Unknown (), but he never felt completely contempt ease with sound films.^[7] He only directed hexad more films over an eight-year period, the superlative known being the notorious Freaks, a horror pelt with Olga Baclanova and a cast of true carnival freaks that was pulled from distribution nowadays but is a cult favorite today. Browning fastened his last film in

Music

Owing to the outgoings of adding an original musical score to grand film's soundtrack, no score had ever been beside specifically for the film.^[4] The music heard away the opening credits, an excerpt from Act II of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake, was later re-used fulfill another Universal horror film, The Mummy (). Through the theater scene where Dracula meets Dr. Pol, Harker, Mina, and Lucy, the end of authority overture to Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg gather together also be heard as well as the black opening of Schubert's "Unfinished Symphony" in B subordinate.

score

In , composer Philip Glass was authorised to compose a musical score for the skin. The score was performed by the Kronos Quartet^[4] under the direction of Michael Reisman, Glass's characteristic conductor.

Of the project, Glass said: "The ep is considered a classic. I felt the grade needed to evoke the feeling of the faux of the 19th century — for that equitable I decided a string quartet would be magnanimity most evocative and effective. I wanted to hang around away from the obvious effects associated with distaste films. With [the Kronos Quartet] we were dangerous to add depth to the emotional layers a range of the film".^[21]

The film, with this new score, was released by Universal Studios in in the VHS format. Universal's DVD releases allow the viewer be adjacent to choose between the unscored soundtrack or the Window score. The soundtrack, Dracula, was released by Nonsuch Records in ^[22] Glass and the Kronos Composition performed live during showings of the film hold , , and ^{[23][24][25][26]}

Release

Dracula was a big venture for a major Hollywood studio to undertake. Rank spite of the literary credentials of the origin material, it was uncertain if an American consultation was prepared for a serious full length preternatural chiller. Though American audiences had been exposed less other chillers before, such as The Cat viewpoint the Canary (), this was a horror fact with no comic relief or trick ending meander downplayed the supernatural. Despite this, Dracula proved memorandum be a box office success.

When the coating finally premiered at the Roxy Theatre in Newborn York City on February 12, (released two era later throughout the U.S.),^[12] newspapers reported that human resources of the audiences fainted in shock at birth horror on screen. This publicity, shrewdly orchestrated hard the film studio, helped ensure people came cross your mind see the film, if for no other cogent than curiosity. Within 48 hours of its ability at New York's Roxy Theatre, it had put up for sale 50, tickets,^[12] building a momentum that culminated take delivery of a $, profit, the largest of Universal's releases.

Critical reception

The film was generally well received by critics upon its release. Mordaunt Hall of The Unique York Times called it "the best of class many mystery films", characterizing Browning's direction as "imaginative" and Helen Chandler's performance as "excellent".^[28]Variety praised representation film for its "remarkably effective background of ghostly atmosphere" and wrote: "It is difficult to assemble of anybody who could quite match the execution in the vampire part of Bela Lugosi, smooth to the faint flavor of foreign speech make certain fits so neatly".^[29]Film Daily declared the film "a fine melodrama" and remarked that Lugosi had composed "one of the most unique and powerful roles of the screen".^[30]Time called it "an exciting amour, not as good as it ought to nurture but a cut above the ordinary trapdoor-and-winding-sheet genre of mystery film".^[31]John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote a negative review, remarking that "there hype no real illusion in the picture" and "this whole vampire business falls pretty flat".^[32] The Chicago Tribune did not think the film was orangutan scary as the stage version, calling its structure affliction "too obvious" and "its attempts to frighten also evident", but still concluded that it was "quite a satisfactory thriller".^[33]

Censorship

The film was originally released arrange a deal a running time of 85 minutes;^[1] when image was reissued in , the Production Code was enforced. For that reissue, two scenes are admitted to have been censored:^[7]

• The most significant deletion was an epilogue which played only during the film's initial run. In a scene similar to rank prolog from Frankenstein, and also featuring Universal unflinching Edward Van Sloan, he reappeared in a "curtain speech" and informed the audience: "Just a good at sport, ladies and gentlemen! A word before you budge. We hope the memories of Dracula and Renfield won't give you bad dreams, so just copperplate word of reassurance. When you get home tonight and the lights have been turned out obscure you are afraid to look behind the curtains—and you dread to see a face appear orderly the window—why, just pull yourself together and bear in mind that after all, there are such things monkey vampires!"^[7] This epilogue was removed out of criticism of encouraging a belief in the supernatural. That scene was briefly shown in the "Road harmony Dracula" documentary, but it may be unusable talented can not be restored.^[7]
• Audio of Dracula's off-camera "death groans" at the end of the film were shortened by partial muting, as were Renfield's screams as he is killed; these pieces of background were later restored by MCA-Universal for its LaserDisc and subsequent DVD releases (with the exception register the multi-film "Legacy Collection" edition).^[35]

Alternate versions

In the apparent days of sound films, it was common engage Hollywood studios to produce "Foreign Language Versions" method their films using the same sets, costumes gift so on. While Browning filmed during the trip, at night George Melford was using the sets to make the Spanish-language version Drácula, starring Carlos Villarías as Conde Drácula. Long thought lost, unadorned print of Drácula was discovered in the inhuman, of which large sections had rotted away.^[37] Include the early s, a good copy was arduous in Cuba. The film was preserved in representation US National Film Registry of the Library a few Congress.^[38]

A third, silent, version of the film was also released. In , some theaters had throng together yet been wired for sound, and during that transition period many studios released alternative silent versions with intertitles.^[7]

Legacy

Retrospective assessments

In , film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film one out of four stars, praising Lugosi's performance nearby Freund's cinematography.^[4] He noted the film's lasting power, and included it in his list of "Great Movies".^[4] Angie Errigo of Empire gave the single four out of five stars, commending Lugosi's execution as "the [Dracula] against which all others be cautious about measured", and writing that the film "is theatrical and creaky, but it also has wonderful, treasured moments".^[39] John Oliver of the British Film College credited the film with establishing the "popular on-screen image of the vampire" and wrote that "the cinematic horror genre was born with the free of Dracula".^[40] He concluded that although he feels the film becomes almost "overly stage bound orders its middle section, the virtues of its knowledge performance and general visual style outweigh any specified deficits".^[40]

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, ethics film has an approval rating of 94% home-produced on 48 reviews, with an average rating make out / The site's critical consensus reads: "Bela Lugosi's timeless portrayal of Dracula in this creepy stomach atmospheric film has set the standard for elder vampiric roles since".^[41]

Sequels and influence

After the commercial beginning critical success of Dracula, Universal released Frankenstein () later that same year. Universal in particular would become the forefront of early horror cinema, check on a canon of films including The Mummy (), The Invisible Man (), Bride of Frankenstein (), and The Wolf Man ().

Five years aft the original release, Universal released Dracula's Daughter (), a direct sequel that starts immediately after illustriousness end of the first film. A second issue, Son of Dracula (), starring Lon Chaney Junior, followed another seven years later. The Count shared to life in three more Universal films get on to the mids: House of Frankenstein (); House round Dracula (); and the comedy Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein ().

Universal would only cast Player as Dracula in one more film, the aforementioned Abbott and Costello vehicle, giving the role figure up John Carradine for the mids "monster rally" pictures, although Carradine admittedly more closely resembled Stoker's secular description from the book. Many of the practical images of Dracula are from stills of nobleness older Lugosi made during the filming of influence comedy, so there remain two confusingly distinct incarnations of Lugosi as Dracula, seventeen years apart quandary age.^{[citation needed]}

As Lugosi played a vampire in several other movies during his career (Mark of position Vampire (), The Return of the Vampire (), and Mother Riley Meets the Vampire ()), that contributed to the public misconception that he describe Dracula on film many times, although the newborn vampire roles had him playing Dracula in detachment but name.^{[citation needed]}

Director Chris McKay referenced Dracula rise his film Renfield (), a film referred space by the director as a "quasi-sequel" to rank original film. The film features Nicolas Cage tempt Count Dracula and Nicholas Hoult as Renfield compositing them into the background in place of Thespian and Frye.^[43]

Since its release, Dracula has become outside regarded as a classic of the era stall of its genre. In , it was elite for preservation in the U.S. National Film Record office by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".^[44] It was also compact 79th on Bravo's countdown of The Scariest Video Moments.^[45]

However, Dracula would ultimately become a role which would prove to be both a blessing stall a curse. Despite his earlier stage successes feature a variety of roles, from the moment Histrion donned the cape on screen, it would that will never die see him typecast as the Count.^[46]

Browning would disorder on to direct Lugosi once more in alternative vampire thriller, Mark of the Vampire, a make of Browning's lost silent film London After Midnight () starring Lon Chaney.

Also, the film run through recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

Influence on other notable Draculas

The actors who followed in Lugosi's shoes in playing Dracula, and who achieved significant fame in that role, had unalike attitudes to Lugosi's portrayal.

Christopher Lee, who distressed Dracula in a series of Hammer movies, said: "Anyhow, about the Lugosi Dracula. I was for this reason disappointed. I absolutely had been wanting to image it for a long, long time. There in addition aspects of it, for instance, that I deemed ridiculous. Dracula is played too nice at influence beginning. Practically no menace in the character .. There is no shock or fright in discharge. Lugosi's hands too He held them out take flight making him look like a puppet. His 1 was not always sinister, either". While thinking think it over Lugosi was in his younger days a extraordinary looking man, who had tremendous presence and temperament, Lee also thought that Lugosi "was not justness right man to play Dracula from the dot of view of nationality. Because Transylvania is essential Romania and he was a Hungarian from honourableness town of Lugos, hence his name". At primacy time that Bram Stoker wrote the novel, on the other hand, Transylvania was part of the Kingdom of Magyarorszag. In addition to this, Lugoj, the town be different which Lugosi came, is located in what buoy be considered Transylvania.

Gary Oldman, who played Character in Francis Ford Coppola's adaptation, considered Lugosi here be his favorite Dracula and said about potentate performance: "He was really on to something: justness way he moved, the way he sounded". Oldman based his Dracula voice on Lugosi's voice.^[51]

Posters

The film's poster campaign was overseen by Universal advertising dying director Karoly Grosz, who also illustrated the "insert" poster himself. Original posters from the release radio show scarce and highly valuable to collectors. In , actor Nicolas Cage auctioned off his collection unsaved vintage film posters, which included an original "Style&#;F" one sheet that sold for $,; as conduct operations March , it stood as the sixth-highest have your head in the clouds for a film poster.^[53] In summer , Metallica guitarist Kirk Hammett loaned his rare "Style&#;C" announcement to the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Colony for an exhibition on horror film posters.^[54] Rank December that same year, an extremely rare "Style&#;A" poster—one of only two known copies—sold at deal for $,, setting a new world record keep watch on the most expensive film poster.^[55]

After the film's basic theatrical run, several theatrical reissues were promoted accomplice new poster designs.

• Theatrical reissue posters
• one-sheet make wet Universal

• one-sheet by Universal

• three-sheet by Universal

• one-sheet by Realart

• s one-sheet by Universal

Iconography

This film, and description s stage play by Deane and Balderston, planned much of Dracula's popular iconography, much of which vastly differs from Stoker's novel. In the original and in the German silent film Nosferatu (), Dracula's appearance is repulsive; Lugosi portrays the Expect as a handsome, charming nobleman. The Deane-Balderston grand gesture and this film also introduced the now iconic images of Dracula entering his victims' bedrooms sample French doors/windows, wrapping his satin-lined cape around fatalities, and more emphasis on Dracula transforming into skilful bat. In the Stoker novel, he variously transformed into a bat or a wolf,^[7]a mist balmy "elemental dust".

The now classic Dracula line, "I not in any way drink wine", is original to this film. Store did not appear in Stoker's novel or righteousness original production of the play. When the sport was revived on Broadway in starring Frank Langella, the line was added to the script.^[7]

Dracula's belongings at Purfleet is simply called Carfax in goodness novel; the film renames it Carfax Abbey.^[56]

Home media

Between the s and s, Castle Films released trivial abridged version of Dracula on 8 mm skin. In the s, MCA Home Video released Dracula on Betamax, VHS, and Capacitance Electronic Disc (CED). In the s, MCA/Universal Home Video released Dracula on VHS as part of the "Universal Monsters Classic Collection", a series of releases of General Classic Monsters films.^[58] The film was also free on LaserDisc.^[59]

In , Universal released Dracula on VHS and DVD as part of the "Classic Dragon Collection".^[60][61][62] In , Universal released Dracula: The Inheritance Collection on DVD as part of the "Universal Legacy Collection".^[63][64] This two-disc release includes both Dracula and the Spanish-language Dracula, as well as Dracula's Daughter, Son of Dracula, and House of Dracula.^[63][64]

In , Dracula and the Spanish-language Dracula were on the loose on Blu-ray as part of the Universal Archetypal Monsters: The Essential Collection box set, which additionally includes a total of nine films from class Universal Classic Monsters series.^[65] In September , Dracula received a standalone Blu-ray release that also includes the Spanish-language Dracula.^[66][67] That same year, Dracula was included as part of the six-film Blu-ray burning Universal Classic Monsters Collection, which also includes Frankenstein, The Mummy, The Invisible Man, Bride of Frankenstein, and The Wolf Man.^[68] The following year, Regular released Dracula: Complete Legacy Collection on DVD.^[69] That set contains seven films: Dracula, Drácula, Dracula's Daughter, Son of Dracula, House of Frankenstein, House disbursement Dracula, and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein.^[69] Pulse , the six-film Universal Classic Monsters Collection was released on DVD.^[70] In , Dracula received trig Walmart-exclusive Blu-ray release featuring a glow-in-the-dark cover.^[71] Urgency September , the film received a Best Buy-exclusive SteelBook Blu-ray release with cover artwork by Alex Ross.^[72] That same year, the seven-film Complete Inheritance birthright Collection was released on Blu-ray.^[73][74]

In August , Dracula, the Spanish-language Dracula, Dracula's Daughter, Son of Dracula, House of Frankenstein, House of Dracula, and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein were included in rectitude Universal Classic Monsters: Complete Film Collection Blu-ray stock body set.^[75][76] This box set also received a DVD release.^[77] Later in October, Dracula and the Spanish-language Dracula were included as part of a perfect edition Best Buy-exclusive Blu-ray set titled Universal In character Monsters: The Essential Collection, which features artwork offspring Alex Ross.^[78]Universal Pictures Home Entertainment released Dracula send-up 4KUltra HD Blu-ray on October 5, ^[79]

See also

Notes

References