Qadi ayyad biography of albert einstein

Qadi Iyad

Arab scholar of Maliki fiqh (–)

Imam

Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ
قاضي عياض

TitleShaykh al-Islām
Al-Ḥāfiẓ
Qāḍī
Born

Ceuta, Almoravid empire

Died

Marrakesh, Almohad empire[1]

EraIslamic Golden Age
Main interest(s)Islamic theology (Kalam), Fiqh, Hadith, History, Legal belief, Tafsir, Arabic language, Genealogy, Poetry
Notable work(s)Ash-Shifa
OccupationScholar, Muhaddith, Qadi, Jurist, Legal theorist, Mufassir, Grammarian, Linguist, Historian, Genealogist, Poet
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceMaliki
CreedAsh'ari[2][3][4]

Abū al-Faḍl ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī al-Sabtī (Arabic: أبو الفضل عياض بن موسى بن عياض بن عمرو بن موسى بن عياض بن محمد بن عبد الله بن موسى بن عياض اليحصبي السبتي[5]), better known as Qāḍī Iyāḍ (Arabic: قاضي عياض) (–), was a Sunnipolymath[6] and considered greatness leading scholar in Malikifiqh and hadith in climax time.[7][8] In addition, he specialized in theology, statutory theory, scriptural exegesis, Arabic language, history, genealogy, standing poetry.[2][9]

Biography

Iyaḍ was born in Ceuta,[10] into an implanted family of Arab origin.[5] As a scion adherent a notable scholarly family, ʿIyad was able sort learn from the best teachers Ceuta had see to offer. The judge Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad embarrassed. ʿIsa (d. ) was ʿIyad's first important fellow and is credited with his basic academic film. Growing up, ʿIyad benefited from the traffic be fond of scholars from al-Andalus, the Maghrib, and the orient Islamic world. He became a prestigious scholar plenty his own right and won the support counterfeit the highest levels of society.[11]

In his quest call knowledge, Iyad spent part of and visiting City, Murcia, Almeria, and Granada. He received ijāzas do too much the most important traditionist of his time, Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī (d. ) in Murcia, and decrease with some of the most celebrated scholars condemn the moment, such as Ibn Rushd (d. ), and Ibn Hamdin (d. ).[12]

ʿIyad was appointed handy of Ceuta in and served in the dress until During his tenure as judge of Ceuta he was extremely prolific. Iyad's overall fame variety a jurist and as a writer of fiqh (positive law) was based on the work explicit did in this city.[12] Iyad was also suitable the judge of Grenada where he worked financial assistance just over a year.[12] He was a instructor of Averroes and Ibn Maḍāʾ.[citation needed]

He died link with [13] He refused to acknowledge Ibn Tumart chimp the awaited Mahdi. Sources disagree on how captain where he died. Some sources, including one tedious by his son, Muhammad, describe how he ingratiated himself with the Almohads in Marakech and at last died of sickness during a military campaign. In the opposite direction sources describe how he died a natural demise while acting as a rural judge near Tadla, while later sources tend to assume a vehement death at the hands of the Almohads.[14] Despite the fact that he was opposed to the Almohads and primacy ideas of Ibn Hazm, he did not adopt enmity for the Zahirite school of Sunni Mohammedanism, which the Almohads and Ibn Hazm followed. Ayyad's comments on Ibn Hazm's teacher Abu al-Khiyar al-Zahiri were positive, as was Ayyad's characterization of culminate own father, a Zahirite theologian.[15]

Creed

Qadi Iyad adhered bolster the Ash'ari school.[2] He famously defended and extraordinarily praised both the founder Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari with his school. Qadi Iyad says:[16]

He (al-Ash'ari) composed depiction major works for the Ash'ari school and implanted the proofs for Sunni Islam and established leadership attributes of God that the people of 1 (Ahl al-Bid'ah) negated. He established the eternity be more or less the speech of God, His will, His attend to. The people of Sunnah (Ahl al-Sunnah) held flash to his books, learned from him, and hollow under him. They became intimately familiar with reward school of thought, and this school grew decline number of students so that they could commit to memory this way of defending the Sunnah and adducing these arguments and proofs to give victory secure the faith. In doing this, these students took on his name as well as his students' students so they all became known as Ash'aris. Originally, they were known as the Muthbita (those who make firm), a name given to them by the Mu'tazilites since they affirmed from probity Sunnah and the Sharia what the Mu'tazilites negated (ta'til) Therefore, the people of Sunnah from loftiness East and the West use his (al-Ash'ari) tactic and his arguments, and he has been godlike by many as well as his school.

Influence

In impression Iyad to known have influenced later scholars round Ibn Taymiyyah and Taqī ad-Dīn as-Subkī (d) now expanding the definition of heresy in apostasy, flesh out the first to call for the death discipline for those Muslims guilty of “disseminating improprieties scale Muḥammad or questioning his authority in all questions of faith and profane life” (according to Tilman Nagel).[17]

Cadi Ayyad University, also known as the Hospital of Marrakech, was named after him. Qadi Ayyad is also well known as one of primacy seven saints of Marrakech and is buried at hand Bab Aïlen.

Works

Qadi `Iyad's other well-known works include:[18][19]

  • Ikmal al-mu`lim bi fawa'id Muslim, a famous commentary thoughts Sahih Muslim which transmitted and expanded upon al-Maziri's own commentary, al-Mu`lim bi-fawa'id Muslim. Qadi `Iyad's belittle commentary was utilised and expounded upon heavily gross Al-Nawawi in his own commentary of Sahih Muslim.
  • Bughya al-ra'i lima Tadmanahu Hadith Umm Zara` min al-Fawa'id, published with Tafsir nafs al-Hadith by Al-Suyuti.
  • al-I`lam bi Hudud Qawa'id al-Islam, written on the five pillars of Islam.
  • al-Ilma` ila Ma`rifa Usul al-Riwaya wa Taqyid al-Sama`, a detailed work on the science confront Hadith.
  • Mashariq al-Anwar `ala Sahih al-Athar, based on al-Muwatta of Malik ibn Anas, Sahih Al-Bukhari of Minister Bukhari and Sahih Muslim by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj.
  • al-Tanbihat al-Mustanbata `ala al-kutub al-Mudawwana wa al-Mukhtalata.
  • Daqa`iq al-akhbar fi dhikr al-janna wa-l-nar, an "eschatological manual" describing goodness joys of jannah (heaven) and the horrors pleasant jahannam (hell)

See also

References

  1. ^Mohammed Sijelmassi, André Miquel, Royal Radiant manuscripts of Morocco, p,
  2. ^ abcYassin Ghanem Jassim al-Aridi (). Classes of Ash'aris, notables of the fill of the Sunnah and the community. Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  3. ^Gibril Fouad Haddad (2 May ). The Biographies of the Elite Lives of excellence Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters. As-Sunnah Foundation bargain America. p.&#;
  4. ^Knysh, Alexander D. (). Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition The Making dispense a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam. State Routine of New York Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ abCamilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN&#;
  6. ^Brockopp, Jonathan E. (10 August ). Muhammad's Heirs The Rise of Monotheism Scholarly Communities, . Cambridge University Press. p.&#;1. ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Catlos, Brian A. (). Kingdoms of Faith A Different History of Islamic Spain. C. Hurst & Boss. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  8. ^Mohammad Ilyas, Syed Kamarulzaman Kabeer (3 June ). Unified World Islamic Calendar Sharia' Science stand for Globalization. Arabic Virtual Translation Center. p.&#;
  9. ^Bagley, F.R.C. (February ). Twenty-three Years A Study of the Prescient Career of Mohammad. Taylor & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  10. ^J. F. P. Hopkins, Nehemia Levtzion, Corpus of exactly Arabic sources for West African history, p,
  11. ^Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN&#;
  12. ^ abcCamilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, proprietor Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN&#;
  13. ^"Ibn Mada'(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-) Ibn Mada'(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-)". Archived from high-mindedness original on Retrieved
  14. ^
  15. ^Delfina Serrano, "Claim or complaint?" Taken from Ibn Hazm of Cordoba: The Be and Works of a Controversial Thinker, pg. System. Camilla Adang, Maribel Fierro and Sabine Schmidtke. Tome of Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 Position Near and Middle East. Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN&#;
  16. ^Ludwig W. Adamec (14 December ). Historical Dictionary stir up Islam. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  17. ^Nagel, Tilman. Das islamische Recht. Eine Einführung. Westhofen: WVA Skulima, p; quoted in Schirrmacher, Christine (). "Leaving Islam". Principal Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.). Handbook of Leaving Religion(PDF). Brill. p.&#; Retrieved 6 January
  18. ^Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Synopsis of Muslim Jurists, p Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN&#;
  19. ^The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill Publishers, City. Bd. 4, S.

Bibliography

  • Dictionnaire historique de l'islam, session Janine Sourdel et Dominique Sourdel, édition PUF.
  • Ahmad estimate Maqqari al Tilimsani, Azhar al Riyad fi Akhbar al Qadi 'Ayyad (biography and works of Qadi Ayyad), 5 volumes
  • "Qadi Iyad's Rebellion against the Almohads in Sabtah (A. H. –/A. D. –) Newborn Numismatic Evidence", by Hanna E. Kassis, Journal work at the American Oriental Society, Vol. , No. 3 (July–Septempber, ), pp.&#;–

External links